References: 1. Afzal B, Ali SA, Jamil B. Outcome of atrial fibrillation in patients with sepsis. Cureus. 2021;13(10):e19159. 2. Egbe AC, Miranda WR, Anderson J, et al. Outcome of new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery in adults with congenital heart disease. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2022;8(11):1407-1416. 3. Santhanakrishnan R, Wang N, Larson MG, et al. Atrial fibrillation begets heart failure and vice versa: temporal associations and differences in preserved versus reduced ejection fraction. Circulation. 2016;133(5):484-492. 4. Bhatnager R, Fonarow GC, Heidenreich PA, Ziaeian B. Expenditure on heart failure in the United States: the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2009-2018. JACC Heart Fail. 2022;10(8):571-580. 5. Alva M, Dolman S, Sikirica S, et al. The burden of heart failure in the US: medical costs and health-related quality of life. MedRxiv. 2025;1-29. 6. Urbich M, Globe G, Pantiri K, et al. A systematic review of medical costs associated with heart failure in the USA (2014-2020). Pharmacoeconomics. 2020;38(11):1219-1236. 7. Patel J. Heart failure population health considerations. Am J Manag Care. 2021;27(9 Suppl):S191-S195. 8. Park TJ, Hansen R, Gillard P, et al. Healthcare resource utilization and costs for patients with postoperative fibrillation in the United States. J Med Econ. 2023;26(1):1417-1423. 9. Greenberg JW, Lancaster TS, Schuessler RB, Melby SJ. Postoperative atrial fibrillation following cardiac surgery: a persistent complication. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2017;52(4):665-672.